Jnana Yoga and Epistemology: Ways of Knowing in Yogic Philosophy

Abstract

This paper examines the epistemological foundations of Jnana Yoga, the path of knowledge in yogic philosophy, and its distinctive approach to understanding reality and consciousness. Through analysis of classical texts, particularly Advaita Vedanta literature, and contemporary philosophical scholarship, this study explores how Jnana Yoga presents unique ways of knowing that transcend conventional subject-object dualism. The research investigates the traditional means of valid knowledge (pramanas) in yogic philosophy, the process of discriminative inquiry (viveka), and the cultivation of direct, non-conceptual awareness. Special attention is given to the works of Shankara and other Advaitic masters who systematized the epistemological framework of Jnana Yoga. The paper argues that Jnana Yoga offers a sophisticated epistemological system that integrates rational inquiry with contemplative insight, providing a methodology for direct knowledge of ultimate reality. Contemporary implications for philosophy of mind, consciousness studies, and contemplative science are also examined, demonstrating the continued relevance of this ancient epistemological tradition.