The Eternal Roots of Yoga: Insights from the Vedas and Upanishads

Abstract

This paper examines the foundational philosophy and spiritual insights of Yoga, as revealed in the Vedas and Upanishads, the ancient Indian scriptures considered to have their profound roots. While modern Yoga is recognized for its holistic well-being, its origins can be traced back to early Vedic concepts of "union" (yuj) and inner discipline, particularly in the Rigveda and Yajurveda. The Upanishads, culminating Vedic knowledge, significantly elaborate on these ideas, discussing the nature of the Self (Ātman), the supreme reality (Brahman), and the path to liberation (Moksha). Through an in-depth study of key Upanishadic verses (e.g., Katha, Mandukya, Shvetashvatara Upanishads), this research illuminates Yoga's metaphysical underpinnings: the journey from ignorance (avidyā) to self-realization (ātma-jñāna). Concepts such as prāṇa, dhyāna (meditation), mantra, and mind discipline, extensively discussed in these texts, form the philosophical backbone of Yogic practice. The Upanishadic vision presents Yoga not merely as a technique but as a transformative way of life—a means to transcend dualities and unite the individual with universal consciousness. Given increasing global interest in Yoga's physical aspects, this paper advocates for deeper engagement with its spiritual and philosophical origins, arguing that reconnecting with the eternal wisdom of the Vedas and Upanishads offers practitioners and scholars a more complete and authentic understanding of Yoga as a timeless inner journey.