Mindfulness in Yoga vs. Buddhist Meditation: Comparative Neuroscience Study

Abstract

This comparative neuroscience study examines the differential neural mechanisms underlying mindfulness practices in yoga versus traditional Buddhist meditation. Using neuroimaging techniques including fMRI and EEG, we investigated brain activation patterns, structural changes, and network connectivity in practitioners of both traditions. Results indicate distinct yet overlapping neural signatures: yoga-based mindfulness showed greater sensorimotor cortex activation and body awareness networks, while Buddhist meditation demonstrated stronger prefrontal-limbic connectivity and default mode network regulation. Both practices enhanced attention networks and reduced amygdala reactivity, suggesting convergent mechanisms for emotional regulation despite divergent approaches. These findings have implications for understanding contemplative neuroscience and developing targeted mindfulness interventions.