Yoga Therapy for Depression: Mechanisms and Clinical Efficacy

Abstract

Depression affects millions worldwide, necessitating diverse therapeutic approaches beyond traditional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This paper examines yoga therapy as an evidence-based complementary treatment for depression, exploring its underlying mechanisms and clinical efficacy. Through analysis of neurobiological, psychological, and physiological pathways, this review demonstrates how yoga therapy influences neurotransmitter regulation, stress response systems, and cognitive-emotional processing. Meta-analytic evidence indicates significant reductions in depressive symptoms across diverse populations, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. The integration of physical postures, breathing techniques, and mindfulness practices appears to target multiple depression-related pathways simultaneously. Clinical trials demonstrate particular efficacy in treatment-resistant depression and as an adjunctive therapy. However, methodological limitations in existing research highlight the need for standardized protocols and long-term follow-up studies. Yoga therapy emerges as a promising, accessible intervention that addresses both symptoms and underlying mechanisms of depression while promoting overall well-being.