Philosophical Dimensions of Yoga: Darshana, Dharma, and Moksha

Abstract

Yoga, as a holistic discipline rooted in the Indian philosophical tradition, represents a profound synthesis of metaphysics, ethics, and spirituality. This paper delves into the deeper philosophical dimensions of Yoga by examining its integral connection with Darshana (philosophical systems and worldview), Dharma (righteous conduct and moral law), and Moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death). Drawing from foundational texts such as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the Bhagavad Gita, and various Upanishadic teachings, this study underscores how Yoga emerges not merely as a system of physical and mental discipline but as a comprehensive path to transcendence.

The paper first situates Yoga within the broader context of Indian Darshanas, especially Sankhya, Vedanta, and Nyaya, showing how philosophical inquiry and spiritual practice are intertwined. It then explores the ethical foundation of Yogic practice through the concepts of Yamas and Niyamas, which align with the notion of Dharma in both individual and universal contexts. Finally, the paper focuses on the ultimate aim of Yoga—Moksha—an inner awakening and freedom from Avidya (ignorance) and Karma, culminating in the realization of the Self (Atman) and union with the Absolute (Brahman).

Through this philosophical lens, the study demonstrates that Yoga is an existential and ethical journey, where discipline, wisdom, and devotion converge toward inner transformation and spiritual liberation. It invites a renewed understanding of Yoga as a living philosophy that continues to guide seekers toward balance, clarity, and freedom in both ancient and contemporary contexts.