Community Yoga and Public Health: Applications and Impact in Punjab, India

Abstract

Background:
Punjab is facing a rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, obesity, and psychological stress. Yoga—a traditional, holistic practice—has gained international recognition for promoting physical and mental well-being. This study investigates the impact of a 12-week community-based yoga intervention on adult health outcomes in urban and rural populations of Punjab, India.

Objectives:
To assess the effects of structured yoga sessions on cardiovascular indicators (blood pressure, BMI), perceived stress, and psychological well-being among adults across five districts of Punjab.

Methods:
A total of 300 adults aged 20–60 years were recruited from both urban (n = 180) and rural (n = 120) communities. Participants engaged in thrice-weekly sessions led by certified instructors, incorporating asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing techniques), and guided relaxation. Health indicators were measured at baseline, midpoint, and post-intervention. Paired t-tests and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate changes over time.

Results:
Significant health improvements were observed following the intervention. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduced by 10 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 6 mmHg (p < .05). Body mass index (BMI) declined by 0.6 kg/m², perceived stress scores (PSS) dropped by 6.5 points, and psychological well-being (WHO-5 index) improved by 5.3 points. Urban participants exhibited slightly greater improvements, potentially linked to higher baseline stress and better adherence.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the effectiveness of yoga as a community-level intervention for improving cardiovascular and mental health. Given its low cost and cultural relevance, yoga could serve as an integrative component of public health strategies in Punjab and similar settings.